Neurobiological Basis For PTSD Illness Essay Discussion
Week 9 Discussion
Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is caused by a traumatic event or experience. It is believed to be caused by changes in the neurobiological systems of the brain, which are responsible for regulating emotions, fear responses, and memory. Specifically, it is thought that PTSD results from an overactive amygdala, which causes an exaggerated fear response to stimuli associated with the trauma. Additionally, PTSD may be linked to decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain, which are responsible for controlling emotions and forming memories. This disruption in these areas can lead to difficulty regulating emotions and recalling memories related to the trauma. Together these changes can lead to a variety of symptoms, including flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance behavior, hypervigilance, and emotional numbness. Neurobiological Basis For PTSD Illness Essay Discussion
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DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for PTSD
The DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for PTSD are divided into four clusters: intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. The video case presentation of Joe provided sufficient information to derive a PTSD diagnosis based on the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria. Joe’s symptoms of intrusive memories, cognitive distortions, avoidance behavior, and difficulty sleeping are consistent with the DSM-5-TR criteria for PTSD. The traumatic event, the car accident, and the pursuit of Joe and his father by the person who hit them met the DSM-5-TR criteria for the occurrence of a traumatic event. The presentation also highlights the co-occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and conduct disorder with PTSD. The overlapping symptoms of irritability and poor sleep suggest the presence of MDD. The symptoms of aggression and destruction of property in school and at home indicate conduct disorder. Therefore, I agree with the other diagnoses of MDD and conduct disorder in the case presentation.
Another Psychotherapy Treatment Option
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) could be a psychotherapy treatment option for Joe. EMDR is a type of psychotherapy that use bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, to assist patients in processing traumatic memories and reducing PTSD symptoms (Wilson et al., 2018). It has been demonstrated to be useful in both adults and children in lowering PTSD symptoms. EMDR is also a therapeutic option supported by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) practice standards for children and adolescents with PTSD (AACAP, n.d.). Neurobiological Basis For PTSD Illness Essay Discussion
Clinical practice guidelines believe EMDR to be the gold standard treatment for PTSD. EMDR is recommended as a first-line treatment for PTSD by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) (Bisson et al., 2019). According to the ISTSS, EMDR is an evidence-based treatment for PTSD and is recommended in clinical practice standards.
Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners must adopt gold standard, evidence-based treatments from clinical practice guidelines to ensure that patients receive the most effective and appropriate care for their problems. PMHNPs can enhance patient outcomes, save treatment duration, and lower the incidence of adverse events or complications by adopting evidence-based treatments. Furthermore, implementing evidence-based treatments is critical for upholding professional standards and providing patients with ethical and responsible care.
Supporting Sources
Wilson et al. (2018) is a peer-reviewed publication from the Frontiers in Psychology, a well-established and renowned academic journal. The second source is an Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry clinical practice guideline, which is based on a careful examination of the available data and professional consensus in the area of psychiatry. The final source by Bisson et al. (2019) is a study published in the Journal of Traumatic Stress that went through a thorough and extensive review procedure to confirm the research’s quality and validity. All three sources are regarded scholarly since they are authored by subject matter experts, are based on empirical evidence, and go through rigorous review and validation processes. Neurobiological Basis For PTSD Illness Essay Discussion
References
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (n.d). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder-PTSD-070.aspx
Bisson, J. I., Berliner, L., Cloitre, M., Forbes, D., Jensen, T. K., Lewis, C., … & Shapiro, F. (2019). The international society for traumatic stress studies new guidelines for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Methodology and development process. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(4), 475-483.
Wilson, G., Farrell, D., Barron, I., Hutchins, J., Whybrow, D., & Kiernan, M. D. (2018). The use of eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder—a systematic narrative review.
Briefly explain the neurobiological basis for PTSD illness.
Discuss the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for PTSD and relate these criteria to the symptomology presented in the case study. Does the video case presentation provide sufficient information to derive a PTSD diagnosis? Justify your reasoning. Do you agree with the other diagnoses in the case presentation? Why or why not?
Discuss one other psychotherapy treatment option for the client in this case study. Explain whether your treatment option is considered a “gold standard treatment†from a clinical practice guideline perspective, and why using gold standard, evidence-based treatments from clinical practice guidelines is important for psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners. Neurobiological Basis For PTSD Illness Essay Discussion
Support your Assignment with specific examples from this weekâ€
s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.
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Grande, T. (2019, August 21). Presentation example: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Links to an external site. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkSv_zPH-M4
Gift from Within. (Producer). (2008). PTSD and veterans: A conversation with Dr. Frank OchbergLinks to an external site. [Video]. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/ptsd-and-veterans-a-conversation-with-dr-frank-ochberg
Know & Grow with Dr. K. (2021, July 18). Does your child suffer from post traumatic stress disorder?Links to an external site. (Strictly Medical-English Version). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o98ilXH5gto Neurobiological Basis For PTSD Illness Essay Discussion