Project Entities and Relationships Essay Assignment

An entity is an object wrapper in a database used to store and delineate information important to a project. The entities that will be part of the patient information database are independent, characteristic, and dependent entities. Independent entities form the backbone and building blocks of the database. Their primary key can either be simple or composite. Independent entities do not depend on other entities for their existence, and other tables are based on them (Malikov et al., 2020). On the other hand, dependent entities depend on other tables for their meanings, are used to connect two kernels together, and may have other attributes. Dependent entities can either have a new simple primary key or use a composite key with foreign keys. Characteristic entities provide more information about other tables and entities, have multivalued attributes, and have many relationships. Project Entities and Relationships Essay Assignment

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Attributes define the information concerning an entity to be stored. For instance, when the entity is a patient, the attributes will include name, identity card number, home location, vitals, and health plan enrollment (Manogaran et al., 2020). An entity can have one or more attributes. A patient file number is used to identify a particular patient, and the number belongs to that patient’s entity alone. An attribute can also be defined in terms of domains and keys, with each domain containing legal values (Meier & Kaufmann, 2019). The information on attribute domain is not included on the entity relationship diagram. A primary key is a unique identifier that identifies an entity and has values unique to each record. For instance, a patient will only have a single identification number unique to themselves.

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A ERD diagram is as follows:

References

Malikov, M. R., Rustamov, A. A., & Ne’matov, N. I. (2020). Strategies For Development Of Medical Information Systems. Theoretical & Applied Science, (9), 388-392.

Manogaran, G., Shakeel, P. M., Baskar, S., Hsu, C. H., Kadry, S. N., Sundarasekar, R., … & Muthu, B. A. (2020). FDM: Fuzzy-optimized data management technique for improving big data analytics. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 29(1), 177-185.

Meier, A., & Kaufmann, M. (2019). SQL & NoSQL databases. Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

Here is a brief synopsis to help you understand entities, attributes, relationships and data models.

An entity is the thing we want to gather information about and you can visualize it as a table with columns and rows. Each entity or table is named and usually is a noun. Each column is an attribute, is named, and represents specific information; while each row is a particular instance of what the entity or table signifies. Relationships supply the structure needed to pull information from multiple entities or tables and are usually verbs. Project Entities and Relationships Essay Assignment

A data model is a tool that we use to describe the data requirements and assumptions in a system, but a model also determines the structure of data, facilitating the design of databases.

 

Sample entities:                   Sample relationships:                     E-R Diagram Symbols:

Patient                                               Assigned

Physician                              Attend

Nurse                                     Take

Drug                                       Paid

Payment                                Associated

Staff                                        Track

Treatment                              Record

Unit                                         Treated

 

Nurses attend to the patients. There are a number of patients assigned to each unit. Usually each patient will have many nurses but only one primary physician.

What questions could we ask? Project Entities and Relationships Essay Assignment

1. Which nurses work on which units?
2. How many patients are assigned to each unit?
3. Which physician cared for the most patients?
4. Which nurses cared for which patient?

Cardinality Examples:

Patient to nurses – One to Many (1:M) / Patient to primary physician – One to One (1:1)

Please reflect on your E-R Diagrams and data models. Make sure that you have considered everything and your diagram is a visual picture that is easy to interpret and represents your intended data structure.

Guidelines with Scoring Rubric

Requirements:

This paper presents a database plan for a nursing or healthcare problem dealt with in the past or active in the present.  Explain the problem and the reason(s) a database is needed. Provide a conceptual data model for the planned database. Name all the entities planned for the database and justify their selection. In an appendix, provide an E-R diagram that shows each entity, names the identifier for each entity, and illustrates the relationships between each entity, noting the cardinality.  In the paper, write a narrative explanation of key parts of the E-R diagram, including how you arrived at some of the decisions on relationships and cardinality. Include three questions planned for this database (the original questions from the discussion in week 1 may be used). Provide a recap of the paper and discuss insights on databases developed as a result of working on this assignment. Support all decisions from the scholarly literature. Project Entities and Relationships Essay Assignment

Preparing the paper

Please Note: The database project will be developed in Microsoft Excel or Access

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Criteria for Content:

1. An introduction informs about the topic of the paper and how it is organized.
2. Explanation of the selected problem and why it needs a database as an information-management solution
3. Explanation of a conceptual data model for the planned database
4. All entities planned for the database are named.
5. A justification or rationale for each entity is provided.
6. The E-R diagram for each entity is discussed briefly in the text and is found in an appendix. The E-R diagrams can be created for individual entities mapped to all other relevant entities or a single E-R diagram showing all entities and their relationships may be provided.
7. The identifier for each entity is named. The identifier can be narrated in the paper or included with the E-R diagram in the appendix.
8. The relationships between entities are discussed briefly in text and illustrated, including cardinality, in the E-R diagram in the appendix or in a separate appendix.
9. Three questions planned for the database are provided. The original questions presented in week 1 discussion may be used, or revised questions may be presented.
10. A conclusion that recaps the paper and discusses insights gained from working on this assignment is presented. Project Entities and Relationships Essay Assignment

 

Criteria for Paper Format and Special Instructions:

1. E-R diagrams will be in an appendix with your 3 questions on the document.
2. Illustrations of entity relationships will be in an appendix
3. Drawings can be done with Microsoft Office tools, or with third-party software
4. The database project will be developed in Microsoft Excel or Access
5. All aspects of the paper must be in current APA format
6. Only scholarly literature is used to support decisions
7. The paper (excluding the title page, references, and appendices) must be 2-4 pages.
8. A minimum of 3 references are required. One of the course texts may be used as a reference.
9. Grammar, spelling, punctuation, citations, and references are consistent with formal academic writing. Project Entities and Relationships Essay Assignment